Sabtu, 25 Februari 2012

EngLish Langunge


REPORT TEXT
KOMODO DRAGON
Do you know what is the largest lizard? This lizard is called komodo. It lives in the scrub and woodland of a few Indonesian islands.
                Komodo dragon is the world's heaviest lizard, weighing 150 pounds or more. The largest Komodo ever measured was more than 10 feet (3 meters) long and weighed 366 pounds (166 kg) but the average size of komodo in the wild is about 8 feet (2.5 meters) long and 200 pounds (91 kg)
                Komodo has gray scaly skin, a pointed snout, powerful limbs and a muscular tail. They use their keen sense of smell to locate decaying animal remains from several miles away. They also hunt other lizards as well as large mammals and are sometimes cannibalistic.
                The Komodo dragon's teeth are almost completely covered by its gums. When it feeds, the gums bleed, creating an ideal culture for virulent bacteria. The bacteria that live in the Komodo dragon's saliva causes septicemia, or blood poisoning, in its victims. A dragon will bite its prey, then follow it until the animal is too weak to carry on.

This lizard species is threatened by hunting, loss of prey species and habitat loss.



RECOUNT TEXT
My Holiday in Bali

                When I was 2nd grade of senior high school, my friends and I went to Bali. We were there for three days. I had many impressive experiences during the vacation.
                First day, we visited Sanur Beach in the morning. We saw the beautiful sunrise together. It was a great scenery. Then, we checked in to the hotel. After prepared our selves, we went to Tanah Lot. We met so many other tourists there. They were not only domestic but also foreign tourists.
                Second day, we enjoyed the day on Tanjung Benoa beach. We played so many water sports such as banana boat, jetsky, speedboat etc. We also went to Penyu island to see many unique animals. They were turtles, snakes, and sea birds. We were very happy. In the afternoon, we went to Kuta Beach to see the amazing sunset and enjoyed the beautiful wave.
                The last day, we spent our time in Sangeh. We could enjoy the green and shady forest. There were so many monkies. They were so tame but sometimes they could be naughty. We could make a close interaction with them. After that, we went to Sukowati market for shopping. That was my lovely time. I bought some Bali T-Shirt and souvenirs.

In the evening, we had to check out from the hotel. We went back home bringing so many amazing memories of Bali.



NARRATIVE TEXT
Romeo and Juliet


The vision of Juliet had been invading his every thought. Unable to sleep, Romeo returned late that night to the Juliet's bedroom window. There, he was surprised to find Juliet on the balcony, professing her love for him and wishing that he were not a "Montague", a name behind his own. "What's in a name? That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet." Romeo was ready to deny his name and professed his love. The two agreed to meet at nine o-clock the next morning to be married.

Early the next morning, Romeo came to Friar Lawrence begging the friar to marry him to Juliet. The Friar performed the ceremony, praying that the union might someday put an end to the feud between the twofamilies. He advised Romeo kept the marriage a secret for a time.

On the way home, Romeo chanced upon his friend Mercutio arguing with Tybalt, a member of the Capulet clan. That qurreling last caused Merquito died. Romeo was reluctant no longer. He drew his sword and slew Tybalt died. Romeo realized he had made a terrible mistake. Then Friar Lawrence advised Romeo to travel to Mantua until things cool down. He promised to inform Juliet.
In the other hand, Juliet's father had decided the time for her to marry with Paris. Juliet consulted Friar Lawrence and made a plot to take a sleeping potion for Juliet which would simulate death for three days. The plot proceeded according to the plan. Juliet was sleeping in death.

Unfortunately, The Friar's letter failed to reach Romeo. Under the cover of darkness, he broke into Juliet's tomb. Romeo kissed the lips of his Juliet one last time and drank the poison. Meanwhile, the effects of the sleeping potion wear off. Juliet woke up calling for Romeo. She found her love next to her but was lying dead, with a cup of poison in his hand. She tried to kiss the poison from his lips, but failed. Then Juliet put out his dagger and plunged it into her breast. She died

RUMUS Fisika


RUMUS-RUMUS FISIKA SMP

NO
RUMUS
SIMBOL
SATUAN
(SI)
INFORMASI PENTING
1
Massa Jenis
ρ =
ρ  = massa jenis
m = massa
v  = volum
Kg/m3
Kg
m3
1 g/cm3 =1000 Kg/m3
1 Kg/m3 = 0,001 g/cm3

2
Pemuaian  panjang zat padat





 = pertambahan panjang
 = panjang mula-mula
  = koefisien muai zat padat

∆T = perubahan suhu
= panjang akhir


m
m
/oC atau /K
oC
m


Khusus bagian  ini  dan tidak harus dalam meter asalkan satuan keduanya sama misal dalam cm
3
Kalor
a.     Kalor untuk menaikan suhu benda
      Q = m.c.∆T
b.     Kalor untuk merubah wujud benda
Q = m.L

c.    Asas Black
m1.c1.(T1-Tc) = m2.c2.(Tc-T2)

d.    Alat Pemanas

Q = kalor
m = massa
c  = kalor jenis
L = kalor laten (kalor uap, kalor embun, kalor beku, kalor lebur)





P = daya alat pemanas
t = waktu untuk menaikan suhu

Joule
Kg
J/KgoC
J/kg







watt
sekon

1 kalori = 4,2 Joule
1 Joule = o,24 kalori






T1>T2 (Benda yang mempunyai suhu lebih diletakkan di ruas kiri)
4
Gerak Lurus Beraturan
s = v.t
s = jarak
v =  kecepatan
t  = waktu
M
m/s
s
1 km/jam = 1 x m/s
1 m/s = 1 x m/s
5
Gerak Lurus Berubah Beraturan
Vt = vo+at
Vt2 = vo2 + 2as
S = vot+(1/2)a.t2
vo = kecepatan awal
Vt = kecepatan akhir
a  = percepatan
t  = waktu
s = jarak
m/s
m/s
m/s2
sekon
m
Untuk perlambatan a bernilai negatif
6
Gaya
F = m.a

Berat
w = m.g
F = gaya
m = massa
a = percepatan
w = berat
g = percepatan gravitasi
Newton
kg
m/s2
N
m/s2
Besarnya massa selalu tetap, namun berat tergantung percepatan gravitasi di mana benda tsb berada
7
Tekanan  Zat Padat
p = tekanan
F = gaya
A = luas permukaan bidang
Pascal (Pa)
N
m2

1 Pa = 1 N/m2

8
Tekanan Zat Cair

Sistem hidrolik

Gaya apung / gaya ke atas
FA = wu – wf



FA = ρ.V.g

ρ  = massa jenis cairan
g = percepatan gravitasi
h = kedalaman zat cair
F1 = gaya pada penampang 1
F2 = gaya pada penampang 2
A1 = Luas penampang 1
A2 = Luas penampang 2


FA = Gaya ke atas
wu= berat benda ditimbang di udara
wf  = berat benda dalam cairan

V = volum zat cair yang dipindahkan

Kg/m3
m/s2
m
N
N
m



N
N
N
Sistem hidrolik diaplikasikan pada mesin pengangkat mobil sehingga beban yang berat dapat diangkat dengan gaya yang lebih kecil, satuan A1 harus sama dengan A2 dan satuan F1 harus sama dengan F2

ρ.V.g merupakan berat zat cair yang dipindahkan benda ketika benda dicelupkan ke dalam suatu cairan
9
Tekanan gas pada ruang tertutup
P1.V1 = P2.V2
P = Tekanan
V = Volume gas
atm
m3

Suhu gas dianggap tetap
10
Energi potensial
Ep = m.g.h

Energi Kinetik
Ek = mv2

m = massa
g = percepatan gravitasi
h = ketinggian

v = kecepatan
kg
m/s2
m

m/s
Pada saat buah kelapa jatuh dari pohon, buah mengalami perubahan bentuk energi dari energi potensial menjadi energi kinetik
11
Pesawat Sederhana
Pengungkit
w. w = F. F
Keuntungan mekanis Pengungkit
KM = =
Katrol
KM =
Bidang Miring
KM = =

w   = berat beban
F   = gaya / kuasa
w =  lengan beban
F =  lengan kuasa
KM = keuntungan mekanis
s    =  panjang bidang miring
h = tinggi bidang miring dari permukaan tanah
N
N
m
m
-
m
m
Pada takal / sistem katrol, besarnya KM ditentukan oleh jumlah banyak tali yang menanggung beban atau biasanya sama dengan jumlah katrol dalam sistem tsb.
12
Getaran
f =  =
T =  =
Gelombang
v =
f = frekuensi getaran / gelombang
T = periode getaran / gelombang
n = jumlah getaran / gelombang
v = cepat rambat gelombang
= panjang (satu) gelombang

Hertz
sekon
-
m/s
m
Hertz = 1/sekon
13
Bunyi
d =
d = kedalaman
v = cepat rambat gelombang bunyi
t = selang waktu antara suara (atau sonar) dikirim sampai didengar / diterima kembali
m
m/s
sekon
Rumus ini dapat digunakan untuk mengukur kedalaman air atau kedalaman gua.
14
Cahaya
Cermin Lengkung (cekung dan cembung)


Menentukan sifat bayangan cermin cekung
Ruang Benda+Ruang Bay = 5
 

       III     II       I      IV
          R      f     O
          




Lensa (cekung dan cembung)
(depan)                   ( belakang)

         2F2  F2     O    F1   2F1

f = jarak fokus cermin
R = jari-jari kelengkungan cermin
So = jarak benda di depan cermin
Si = jarak bayangan dari cermin
Hi = Tinggi bayangan
Ho = Tinggi benda
M = Perbesaran



Pada cermin cekung :
Ruang
Benda
Ruang
Bayangan
Sifat Bayangan
I
IV
maya, tegak, diperbesar
II
III
nyata, terbalik, diperbesar
III
II
nyata, terbalik, diperkecil
tepat di R
tepat di R
nyata, terbalik, sama besar
tepat di f
tepat di f
tidak terbentuk bayangan

P = kekuatan lensa
f = jarak fokus lensa
Pada lensa cembung :
Ruang
Benda
Ruang
Bayangan
Sifat Bayangan
O-F2
di depan lensa
maya, tegak, diperbesar
F2 – 2F2
di kanan 2F1
nyata, terbalik, diperbesar
2F2
2F1
nyata, terbalik, sama besar
tepat di F2
-
-
cm
cm
cm
cm
cm
cm

- (kai)















dioptri
f cermin cekung (+)
f cermin cembung (-)
Si (+)=bayangannyata
Si (-)=bayangan maya

M > 1 bay diperbesar
M = 1 bay sama besar
M < 1 bay diperkecil


Bayangan yang dibentuk cermin cembung selalu bersifat : maya, tegak, diperkecil







Untuk mencari kekuatan lensa, jarak fokus harus dalam meter
f  lensa cembung (+)
f  lensa cekung (-)
Si (+)=bayangannyata
Si (-)=bayangan maya

M > 1 bay diperbesar
M = 1 bay sama besar
M < 1 bay diperkecil

Bayangan yang dibentuk lensa cekung selalu bersifat : maya, tegak, diperkecil
15
Alat Optik
a.   Lup
Ma=
Mt=
b.   Mikroskop
M = fob x fok


Ma = Perbesaran untuk mata berakomodasi maksimum
Mt = Perbesaran untuk mata tidak berakomodasi / rileks
f = fokus lup

M = Perbesaran Mikroskop
fob = fokus lensa obyektif
fok = fokus lensa okuler
- (kali)

- (kali)




- (kali)
cm
cm
Lensa okuler merupakan lensa yang berada di dekat mata pengamat
Lensa obyektif berada di dekat obyek yang diamati

16
Listrik Statis
F = gaya coulomb
k = konstanta coulomb
Q = muatan listrik
d = jarak antar muatan
I = arus listrik
t = waktu
N
Nm2/c2
coulomb
m
ampere
sekon

17
Listrik Dinamis
Hukum Coulomb
V = I.R
Hambatan Penghantar

Rangkaian Seri R
Rt = R1+R2+....+Rn

Rangkaian Paralel R
Rangkaian Paralel terdiri dari 2 Resistor
Rt =
Hukum Kirchoff 1
I masuk = I keluar

Rangkaian Listrik dengan hambatan dalam
a. Baterai Seri
b. Baterai Paralel


V = beda potensial
W = energi listrik
Q = muatan listrik
R = hambatan

ρ = hambatan jenis
 = panjang kawat penghantar
A = Luas penampang penghantar











I = kuat arus



n = jumlah elemen
E = GGL (gaya gerak listrik)
r = hambatan dalam sumber tegangan
R = hambatan luar total

volt
joule
coulomb
ohm()


m
m
m2












ampere




-
Volt
ohm

ohm



























GGL merupakan beda potensial baterai yang dihitung saat rangkaian terbuka atau beda potensial asli baterai
18
Energi Listrik dan Daya Listrik
a. Energi Listrik
W = Q.V
W = V.I.t
W = I2Rt
W=
b. Daya Listrik
P = V.I
P= I2R
P =
P =


W = Energi Listrik
Q = Muatan Listrik
V = tegangan / beda potensial
I  = Kuat Arus Listrik
P = Daya Listrik
t = waktu



joule
coulomb
volt
ampere
watt
sekon


i kalori – 4,2 Joule
I J = 0,24 kal
19
Gaya Lorentz
F = B.i.
F = Gaya Lorentz
B = Kuat medan magnet
i = kuat arus listrik
 = panjang kawat
N
Tesla
A
m

20
Transformator

Efisiensi Transformator

Vp = tegangan primer / masukan
Vs = teg. Sekunder / keluaran
Ip = Arus primer / masukan
Is = Arus sekunder / keluaran
Np = jumlah lilitan primer
Ns = Jumlah lilitan sekunder
Ws = Energi keluaran
Wp = Energi masukan
Ps = Daya keluaran
Pp = Daya masukan

V
V
A
A
-
-
J
J
watt
watt